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@InProceedings{martinadez2017,
  author = {Beck, Harald and Bierbaumer, Bruno and Dao-Tran, Minh and Eiter, Thomas and Hellwagner, Hermann and Schekotihin, Konstantin},
  booktitle = {Communications (ICC), 2017 IEEE International Conference on},
  title = {Stream Reasoning-Based Control of Caching Strategies in CCN Routers},
  year = {2017},
  address = {Paris, France},
  editor = {Beylat, Jean Luc and Sari, Hikmet},
  month = {may},
  pages = {6},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {Routers in Content-Centric Networking (CCN) may locally cache frequently requested content in order to speed up delivery to end users. Thus, the issue of caching strategies arises, i.e., which content shall be stored and when it should be replaced. In this work, we employ, and study the feasibility of, novel techniques towards intelligent control of CCN routers that autonomously switch between existing caching strategies in response to changing content request patterns. In particular, we present a router architecture for CCN networks that is controlled by rule-based stream reasoning, following the recent formal framework LARS which extends Answer Set Programming for streams. The obtained possibility for flexible router configuration at runtime allows for versatile network control schemes and may help advance the further development of CCN. Moreover, the empirical evaluation of our feasibility study shows that the resulting caching agent may give significant performance gains.},
  doi = {10.1109/ICC.2017.7996762},
  isbn10 = {978-1-4673-8999-0},
  issn = {1938-1883},
  keywords = {Cognition, Internet, Switches, Next generation networking, Programming, Computer architecture, Robots},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Paris},
  talkdate = {2017.05.23},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@Article{Rainer2017a,
  author = {Rainer, Benjamin and Petscharnig, Stefan and Timmerer, Christian and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Multimedia},
  title = {Statistically Indifferent Quality Variation: An Approach for Reducing Multimedia Distribution Cost for Adaptive Video Streaming Services},
  year = {2017},
  month = {mar},
  pages = {13},
  volume = {19},
  abstract = {Forecasts predict that Internet traffic will continue to grow in the near future. A huge share of this traffic is caused by multimedia streaming. The Quality of Experience (QoE) of such streaming services is an important aspect and in most cases the goal is to maximize the bit rate which -- in some cases -- conflicts with the requirements of both consumers and providers. For example, in mobile environments users may prefer a lower bit rate to come along with their data plan. Likewise, providers aim at minimizing bandwidth usage in order to reduce costs by transmitting less data to users while maintaining a high QoE.
Today's adaptive video streaming services try to serve users with the highest bit rates which consequently results in high QoE. In practice, however, some of these high bit rate representations may not differ significantly in terms of perceived video quality compared to lower bit rate representations.
In this paper, we present a novel approach to determine the statistically indifferent quality variation (SIQV) of adjacent video representations for adaptive video streaming services by adopting standard objective quality metrics and existing QoE models. In particular, whenever the quality variation between adjacent representations is imperceptible from a statistical point of view, the representation with higher bit rate can be substituted with a lower bit rate representation. As expected, this approach results in savings with respect to bandwidth consumption while still providing a high QoE for users. The approach is evaluated subjectively with a crowdsourcing study. Additionally, we highlight the benefits of our approach, by providing a case study that extrapolates possible savings for providers.},
  address = {New York, USA},
  doi = {10.1109/TMM.2016.2629761},
  keywords = {Adaptive Video Streaming, Quality of Experience, MPEG-DASH},
  language = {EN},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7745907/}
}
@Article{Posch2017a,
  author = {Posch, Daniel and Rainer, Benjamin and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  journal = {IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking},
  title = {SAF: Stochastic Adaptive Forwarding in Named Data Networking},
  year = {2017},
  month = {apr},
  number = {2},
  pages = {14},
  volume = {25},
  abstract = {Forwarding decisions in classical IP-based networks are predetermined by routing. This is necessary to avoid loops, inhibiting opportunities to implement an adaptive and intelligent forwarding plane. Consequently, content distribution efficiency is reduced due to a lack of inherent multi-path transmission. In Named Data Networking (NDN) instead, routing shall hold a supporting role to forwarding, providing sufficient potential to enhance content dissemination at the forwarding plane. In this paper we design, implement, and evaluate a novel probability-based forwarding strategy, called Stochastic Adaptive Forwarding (SAF) for NDN. SAF imitates a self-adjusting water pipe system, intelligently guiding and distributing Interests through network crossings circumventing link failures and bottlenecks. Just as real pipe systems, SAF employs overpressure valves enabling congested nodes to lower pressure autonomously. Through an implicit feedback mechanism it is ensured that the fraction of the traffic forwarded via congested nodes decreases. By conducting simulations we show that our approach outperforms existing forwarding strategies in terms of the Interest satisfaction ratio in the majority of the evaluated scenarios. This is achieved by extensive utilization of NDN's multipath and content-lookup capabilities without relying on the routing plane. SAF explores the local environment by redirecting requests that are likely to be dropped anyway. This enables SAF to identify new paths to the content origin or to cached replicas, circumventing link failures and resource shortages without relying on routing updates.},
  address = {New York, USA},
  doi = {10.1109/TNET.2016.2614710},
  language = {EN},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/saf.pdf},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2016.2614710}
}
@Article{Posch2017,
  author = {Posch, Daniel and Rainer, Benjamin and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  journal = {Computer Communication Review},
  title = {Towards a Context-Aware Forwarding Plane in Named Data Networking supporting QoS},
  year = {2017},
  month = {jan},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9},
  volume = {47},
  abstract = {The emergence of Information-Centric Networking (ICN) provides considerable opportunities for context-aware data distribution in the network's forwarding plane. While packet forwarding in classical IP-based networks is basically predetermined by routing, ICN foresees an adaptive forwarding plane considering the requirements of network applications. As research in this area is still at an early stage, most of the work so far focused on providing the basic functionality, rather than on considering the available context information to improve Quality of Service (QoS). This article investigates to which extent existing forwarding strategies take account of the available context information and can therefore increase service quality. The article examines a typical scenario encompassing different user applications (Voice over IP, video streaming, and classical data transfer) with varying demands (context), and evaluates how well the applications' requirements are met by the existing strategies.},
  address = {New York, USA},
  doi = {10.1145/3041027.3041029},
  language = {EN},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/ccr.pdf},
  publisher = {ACM SIGCOMM},
  url = {https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3041027.3041029}
}
@Article{Rainer2016a,
  author = {Rainer, Benjamin and Posch, Daniel and Leibetseder, Andreas and Theuermann, Sebastian and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  journal = {Communications Magazine, IEEE},
  title = {A Low-Cost NDN Testbed on Banana Pi Routers},
  year = {2016},
  month = sep,
  number = {9},
  pages = {6},
  volume = {54},
  abstract = {The computer communication research community shows significant interest in the paradigm of Information-Centric Networking (ICN). Continuously, new proposals for ICN-related challenges (caching, forwarding, etc.) are published. However, due to a lack of a readily available testbed, the majority of these proposals is evaluated either by theoretical analysis and/or by conducting network simulations potentially masking further challenges that are not observable in synthetic environments. Therefore, this article presents a framework for an ICN testbed using low-budget physical hardware with little deployment and maintenance effort for the individual researcher; specifically, Named Data Networking is considered. The employed hardware and software are powerful enough for most research projects, but extremely resource intensive tasks may push both components towards their limits. The testbed framework is based on well established open source software and provides the tools to readily investigate important ICN characteristics on physical hardware emulating arbitrary network topologies. The article discusses the testbed architecture and provides first results obtained from emulations that investigate the performance of various forwarding strategies. The results indicate that further challenges have to be overcome when heading towards a real-world deployment of ICN-based communication.},
  address = {New York, USA},
  keywords = {ICN},
  language = {EN},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/commmagRainer.pdf},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@Article{Rainer2016,
  author = {Rainer, Benjamin and Posch, Daniel and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  journal = {Journal on Selected Areas in Communications},
  title = {Investigating the Performance of Pull-based Dynamic Adaptive Streaming in NDN},
  year = {2016},
  issn = {1558-0008},
  month = {aug},
  number = {8},
  pages = {11},
  volume = {34},
  abstract = {Adaptive content delivery is the state-of-the-art in real-time multimedia streaming. Leading streaming approaches, e.g., MPEG-DASH and Apple HLS, have been developed for classical IP-based networks, providing effective streaming by means of pure client-based control and adaptation. However, the research activities of the Future Internet community adopt a new course that is different from today's host-based communication model. So-called Information-Centric Networks are of considerable interest and are advertised as enablers for intelligent networks, where effective content delivery is to be provided as an inherent network feature. This paper investigates the performance gap between pure client-driven adaptation and the theoretical optimum in the promising Future Internet architecture Named Data Networking (NDN). The theoretical optimum is derived by modeling multimedia streaming in NDN as a fractional Multi-Commodity Flow Problem and by extending it taking caching into account. We investigate the multimedia streaming performance under different forwarding strategies, exposing the interplay of forwarding strategies and adaptation mechanisms. Furthermore, we examine the influence of network inherent caching on the streaming performance by varying the caching polices and the cache sizes.},
  address = {New York, USA},
  doi = {10.1109/JSAC.2016.2577365},
  keywords = {Information-Centric Networking; Named Data Networking; Multimedia; Dynamic Adaptive Streaming.},
  language = {EN},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/jsac.pdf},
  publisher = {IEEE}
}
@InProceedings{Posch2016,
  author = {Posch, Daniel and Rainer, Benjamin and Theuermann, Sebastian and Leibetseder, Andreas and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems},
  title = {Emulating NDN-based Multimedia Delivery},
  year = {2016},
  address = {New York},
  editor = {Timmerer, Christian and Begen, Ali},
  month = {may},
  pages = {4},
  publisher = {ACM Digital Library},
  series = {MMSys '16},
  abstract = {Today, the global share and increase of Internet traffic is largely caused by multimedia delivery, mainly encompassing video, audio and image sharing on social, news, and entertainment platforms. This fact is well known to the Internet research community, which tries to counteract by increasing the content delivery efficiency. So-called Information-Centric Networks (ICN) are of considerable interest, advertised as enablers for intelligent networks, where effective delivery is to be provided as an inherent network feature. Most research proposals in this area are evaluated in simulated environments, using simulation frameworks such as OMNeT++ or ns-3. However, simulations always have shortcomings and cannot substitute measurements in physical networks. In this demonstration, we show how to readily set up an ICN-based testbed using low-budget single-board computers to conduct comprehensive emulations. We choose the scenario of pull-based adaptive video delivery as a showcase and evaluate the performance of different client-based adaptation mechanisms at the application level and different content forwarding strategies at the network level. All of the presented tools and visualization features are provided as open source contributions to the community.},
  doi = {10.1145/2910017.2910626},
  isbn13 = {978-1-4503-4297-1},
  keywords = {Named Data Networking, Information-Centric Networking, Network Emulation, Adaptive Multimedia Delivery, Testbed},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Klagenfurt, Austria},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/pi-demo.pdf},
  talkdate = {2016.05.11},
  talktype = {poster},
  url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2910017.2910626}
}
@InProceedings{Kreuzberger2016a,
  author = {Kreuzberger, Christian and Rainer, Benjamin and Hellwagner, Hermann and Toni, Laura and Frossard, Pascal},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video},
  title = {A Comparative Study of DASH Representation Sets Using Real User Characteristics},
  year = {2016},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  editor = {ACM,},
  month = {may},
  pages = {4:1--4:6},
  publisher = {ACM},
  isbn10 = {978-1-4503-4356-5},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Klagenfurt, Austria},
  talkdate = {2016.05.13},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@InProceedings{Rain1502:IDMSQoMEX,
  author = {Rainer, Benjamin and Petscharnig, Stefan and Timmerer, Christian and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Seventh International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2015)},
  title = {Is One Second Enough? - Evaluating QoE for Inter-Destination Multimedia Synchronization using Human Computation and Crowdsourcing},
  year = {2015},
  address = {Greece, Messinia},
  editor = {Skodras, Athanassios},
  month = {may},
  pages = {1-6},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {Modern-age technology enables us to consume multimedia for enjoyment and as a social experience. The traditional way to consume multimedia together (e.g., with family or friends in the living room) is being superseded by a location-independent scenario where geographically distributed users consume the same content while having a real-time communication channel among each other. Inter-Destination Multimedia Synchronization (IDMS) is the tool of choice in order to enable users a high-quality multimedia experience. In this paper, we investigate the influence of asynchronism when consuming multimedia content together while being geographically distributed. In particular, we adopt the concept of human computation and developed a reaction game which we used to conduct a crowdsourced subjective quality assessment in order to evaluate a threshold for multimedia synchronization within an IDMS scenario. Our results show a significant decrease in overall Quality of Experience (QOE) at an asynchronism level of 750ms. At the same time, we were able to show that asynchronism at a level of 400ms does not have significant differences regarding the QoE when compared to the synchronous reference case.},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Greece, Messinia, Costa Navarino},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/07148107.pdf},
  talkdate = {2015.05.27},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@InProceedings{Kreuzberger2015b,
  author = {Kreuzberger, Christian and Rainer, Benjamin and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Expo Workshops},
  title = {Modelling the Impact of Caching and Popularity on Concurrent Adaptive Multimedia Streams in Information-Centric Networks},
  year = {2015},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  editor = {Matteo, Cesana},
  month = {jul},
  pages = {1--6},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  series = {ICMEW '15},
  abstract = {The Internet is nowadays mainly used for streaming of multimedia content, something it was not built for originally. To guarantee user satisfaction, one of the key concepts of the Internet as we know it is bandwidth sharing. While this concept is necessary to provide stability in the network, several issues can arise with adaptive multimedia streaming, e.g., efficiency and stability. Considering Information-Centric Networking (ICN) and its network-inherent caching, those issues tend to become worse. Many researchers have proposed to use traffic shaping on the server to enable fair bandwidth sharing and stabilize clients. However, existing research does not consider content popularity and in-network caching. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we propose a cache-aware traffic shaping policy, in order to guarantee seamless playback of videos. Second, based on content popularity, we calculate an average video quality achieved by this traffic shaping policy for various cache sizes, to show the impact of popularity and caching for multimedia streaming in ICN.},
  doi = {10.1109/ICMEW.2015.7169763},
  keywords = {Content Popularity; Adaptive Multimedia Streaming; Information-Centric Networking; Traffic Shaping},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Torino, Italy},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/music_modelling_streaming_revision1_v3.pdf},
  talkdate = {2015.07.03},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@InProceedings{Kreuzberger2015a,
  author = {Kreuzberger, Christian and Posch, Daniel and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference},
  title = {A Scalable Video Coding Dataset and Toolchain for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP},
  year = {2015},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  editor = {Wei, Tsang Ooi},
  month = {mar},
  pages = {213--218},
  publisher = {ACM},
  series = {MMSys '15},
  abstract = {With video streaming becoming more and more popular, the number of devices that are capable of streaming videos over the Internet is growing. This leads to a heterogeneous device landscape with varying demands. Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) offers an elegant solution to these demands. Smart adaptation logics are able to adjust the clients' streaming quality according to several (local) parameters. Recent research indicated benefits of blending Scalable Video Coding (SVC) with DASH, especially considering Future Internet architectures. However, except for a DASH dataset with a single SVC encoded video, no other datasets are publicly available. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, a DASH/SVC dataset, containing multiple videos at varying bitrates and spatial resolutions including 1080p, is presented. Second, a toolchain for multiplexing SVC encoded videos is provided, therefore making our results reproducible and allowing researchers to generate their own datasets.},
  doi = {10.1145/2713168.2713193},
  isbn13 = {978-1-4503-3351-1},
  keywords = {DASH; Dataset; Toolchain; Scalable Video Coding},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Portland, Oregon},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/dash_svc_dataset_v1.05.pdf},
  talkdate = {2015.03.18},
  talktype = {registered},
  url = {http://concert.itec.aau.at/SVCDataset/}
}
@InProceedings{Bacher2015a,
  author = {Bacher, Florian and Rainer, Benjamin and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops},
  title = {Towards Controller-aided Multimedia Dissemination in Named Data Networking},
  year = {2015},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  editor = {not, available},
  month = {jul},
  pages = {1--6},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  series = {ICMEW '15},
  abstract = {Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Named Data Networking (NDN) are two topics which have received lots of attention in the networking research community in recent years. While both have emerged independently from each other we believe that their core features can be well aligned to each other. Hence combining both may hold potential benefits for network operators. In this paper we investigate the advantage of having a central SDN controller which is aware of the complete topology of an underlying NDN network. In our approach we use the controller for routing Interests for names unknown to the forwarding elements and to find alternative routes in case of link congestion. Another advantage of SDN is the ability to analyze and control the network on an application-layer component which communicates with the controller. This allows the development of application-aware networks that support the specific needs of the applications that use them. As an example use case we assumed a network whose main purpose is to disseminate multimedia content with Zipf-distributed popularity among users. Having an application layer which knows about content popularity statistics we improve the dissemination of multimedia content by instructing dedicated nodes in the network to prefetch content which is expected to become popular in their geographical region or autonomous system (AS) in the near future. The aim of this approach is to reduce the distance to potential consumers and reduce the load of the core network.},
  doi = {10.1109/ICMEW.2015.7169842},
  isbn10 = {978­1­4799­7079­7},
  keywords = {Information Centric Networking; Named Data Networking; Software Defined Networking; Routing; Forwarding; Caching},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Turino, Italy},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/07169842.pdf},
  talkdate = {2015.07.03},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@InProceedings{Posch2014b,
  author = {Posch, Daniel and Kreuzberger, Christian and Rainer, Benjamin and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies, VideoNext Workshop},
  title = {Using In-Network Adaptation to Tackle Inefficiencies Caused by DASH in Information-Centric Networks},
  year = {2014},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  editor = {Dixon, Colin},
  month = {dec},
  pages = {1-6},
  publisher = {ACM Digital Library},
  abstract = {The consumption of audio-visual content is the most dominant traffic source in today's Internet. Novel architectural approaches, such as Information-Centric Networking (ICN), are developed to support efficient multimedia dissemination. As ICN and MPEG-DASH have several concepts in common, recent proposals consider a fusion of both technologies. However, MPEG-DASH relies on pure client-driven adaptation. This often rather selfish adaptation strategy inhibits benefits gained from ICN's inherent caching and multi-path transmission capabilities. In order to overcome this challenge, the contribution of this work is the integration of in-network adaptation (INA) in ICN. We illustrate that INA can be realized despite ICN's content-based security model. Our proposal rests on scalable content, which enables INA without management and transmission overhead.},
  keywords = {Information-Centric Networking; In-Network Adaptation; Adaptive Streaming; Multimedia Dissemination},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Sydney, Australia},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/video01fp.pdf},
  talkdate = {2014.12.02},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@InProceedings{Posch2014,
  author = {Posch, Daniel and Kreuzberger, Christian and Rainer, Benjamin and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Information-Centric Networking},
  title = {Client Starvation: A Shortcoming of Client-driven Adaptive Streaming in Named Data Networking},
  year = {2014},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  editor = {Mendes, Paulo},
  month = {sep},
  pages = {1-2},
  publisher = {ACM Digital Library},
  abstract = {Information-centric Networking (ICN) as a potential Future Internet architecture has to efficiently support the consumption of multimedia content. Recent proposals consider the reuse of MPEG-DASH to provide adaptive streaming in ICN. Due to the fact that MPEG-DASH relies on pure client-driven adaptation, it encounters difficulties dealing with ICN's inherent caching and multi-path transmission. By conducting simulations using the concrete ICN approach Named Data Networking (NDN), we show that pure client-driven adaptation leads to shortcomings. Furthermore, we propose to use in-network adaptation based on scalable content for overcoming these shortcomings in NDN.},
  doi = {10.1145/2660129.2660162},
  keywords = {Information-centric Networking; Adaptive Streaming},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Paris, Frankreich},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/icn14_final.pdf},
  talkdate = {2014.09.26},
  talktype = {poster},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2660129.2660162}
}