% Categories: MMC & Year: 2013
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@InProceedings{Waltl2013_QoMEX2013_4DPlayer,
  author = {Waltl, Markus and Rainer, Benjamin and Lederer, Stefan and Timmerer, Christian and Gassner, Katharina and Terlutter, Ralf},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX'13)},
  title = {A 4D Multimedia Player enabling Sensory Experience},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  editor = {Timmerer, Christian and Le Callet, Patrick and Varela, Martin and Winkler, Stefan and Falk, Tiago H},
  month = {jul},
  pages = {126-127},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {Lately, 3D is gaining momentum in cinemas and home environments. However, 2D and 3D video content only stimulates senses like hearing and seeing. In this paper we focus on a more enhanced level of entertainment by presenting a 4D multimedia player and a corresponding demonstration setup, which stimulates further senses such as haptics using the MPEG-V: Media Context and Control standard. The presented demonstration setup uses stereoscopic 3D and sensory devices, i.e., fans, vibration panels and lights. The combination of conventional 3D content with tailored sensory effects allows us to further enhance the viewing experience of the users.},
  isbn13 = {-},
  keywords = {3D, 4D, Sensory Effects, Sensory Experience, MPEG-V},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/QoMEX2013_4DPlayer.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.07.04},
  talktype = {poster},
  url = {http://www.qomex2013.org}
}
@PhdThesis{Waltl2013_PhD,
  author = {Waltl, Markus},
  school = {Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt},
  title = {The Impact of Sensory Effects on the Quality of Multimedia Experience},
  year = {2013},
  month = {feb},
  abstract = {Multimedia content is omnipresent in our life. Thus, one can consume content through various distribution channels such as a DVD, Blu-Ray, or the Internet. Recently, 3D video gained more and more importance and a lot of movies presented in cinemas are 3D. Currently, research on additional constituents such as light and scent effects for further enhancing the viewing experience is conducted. As this research is taken up by more and more researchers and companies, the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) ratified the MPEG-V standard, referred to as Media Context and Control, which allows the annotation of multimedia content with additional effects (e.g., light, wind, vibration) and render these effects synchronized to the multimedia content. Due to this fairly new research area, there are only a few subjective quality assessments evaluating such effects. Moreover, standardized assessment methods cannot be used as originally developed since they are optimized for audio-visual quality evaluations. Thus, this work lists and describes existing subjective quality assessment methods suitable for conducting assessments comprising multimedia content, especially videos, enriched by sensory effects (i.e., light, wind, and vibration). As there is a lack of suitable software for rendering sensory effects, this work introduces a multimedia player for playing multimedia content accompanied by sensory effects. Moreover, in this work, we performed four subjective quality assessments answering the following questions: (1) Do sensory effects enhance the viewing experience for different genres? (2) Do sensory effects have an influence on the perceived video quality? (3) Do light effects enhance the viewing experience for Web videos? (4) Do sensory effects have an impact on the perceived emotions while watching a video? Therefore, this work presents these subjective quality assessments including a detailed description of the assessments and their results. Moreover, this work introduces a dataset consisting of video sequences annotated with sensory effects for conducting subjective quality assessments. Finally, some recommendations for performing assessments comprising sensory effects which have been extracted from the conducted subjective quality assessments are given.},
  language = {EN},
  pages = {234},
  pdf = {http://ubdocs.uni-klu.ac.at/open/hssvoll/AC10774907.pdf}
}
@Article{Waltl2012_MPEGVSI,
  author = {Waltl, Markus and Rainer, Benjamin and Timmerer, Christian and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  journal = {Signal Processing: Image Communication},
  title = {An End-to-End tool chain for sensory experience based on MPEG-V},
  year = {2013},
  month = {feb},
  number = {2},
  pages = {136--150},
  volume = {28},
  abstract = {This paper provides an overview of our research conducted in the area of Sensory Experience including our implementations using MPEG-V Part 3 entitled ”Sensory Information”. MPEG-V Part 3 introduces Sensory Experience as a tool to increase the Quality of Experience by annotating traditional multimedia data with sensory effects. These sensory effects are rendered on special devices like fans, vibration chairs, ambient lights, scent disposers, water sprayers, or heating/cooling devices stimulating senses beyond the traditional ones. The paper's main focus is on the end-to-end aspects including the generation, transmission, and synchronized rendering of sensory effects with the traditional multimedia data taking movie clips as an example. Therefore, we present in this paper an open source tool chain that provides a complete end-to-end sensory effect generation and consumption framework. Furthermore, we summarize results from various subjective quality assessments conducted in this area. Finally, we point out research challenges that may encourage further research within this emerging domain.},
  address = {Amsterdam, Netherlands},
  doi = {10.1016/j.image.2012.10.009},
  keywords = {Quality of Experience; Sensory Experience; Subjective Quality Assessment; Experimental Results; MPEG-V; Annotation Tool; Simulation Tool; Web Browser Plug-in; Sensory Information},
  language = {EN},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2012.10.009}
}
@InProceedings{Timmerer2013_QoMEX2013_UtilityModel,
  author = {Timmerer, Christian and Rainer, Benjamin and Markus, Waltl},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX'13)},
  title = {A Utility Model for Sensory Experience},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  editor = {Timmerer, Christian and Le Callet, Patrick and Varela, Martin and Winkler, Stefan and Falk, Tiago H},
  month = {jul},
  pages = {224-229},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {Enriching multimedia with additional effects such as olfaction, light, wind, or vibration is gaining more and more momentum in both research and industry. Hence, there is the need to determine the influence of individual effects on the Quality of Experience (QoE). In this paper, we present a subjective quality assessment using the MPEG-V standard to annotate video sequences with individual sensory effects (i.e., wind, light, and vibration) and all combinations thereof. Based on the results we derive a utility model for sensory experience that accounts for the assessed sensory effects. Finally, we provide an example instantiation of the utility model and validate it against current and past results of our subjective quality assessments conducted so far.},
  isbn13 = {-},
  keywords = {Quality of Multimedia Experience, Sensory Effects, MPEG-V, Sensory Experience, Utility Model},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/QoMEX2013_UtilityModel.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.07.05},
  talktype = {registered},
  url = {http://www.qomex2013.org}
}
@Article{Timmerer2013_MPEGColumnSep,
  author = {Timmerer, Christian},
  journal = {ACM SIGMultimedia Records},
  title = {MPEG Column: 105th MPEG Meeting},
  year = {2013},
  issn = {1947-4598},
  month = {sep},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1-2},
  volume = {5},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  language = {EN},
  publisher = {ACM},
  url = {http://records.sigmm.ndlab.net/2013/08/mpeg-column-105th-mpeg-meeting/}
}
@Article{Timmerer2013_MPEGColumnMar,
  author = {Timmerer, Christian},
  journal = {ACM SIGMultimedia Records},
  title = {MPEG column: 103rd MPEG meeting},
  year = {2013},
  issn = {1947-4598},
  month = {mar},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-3},
  volume = {5},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  language = {EN},
  publisher = {ACM},
  url = {http://records.sigmm.ndlab.net/2013/01/mpeg-column-103rd-mpeg-meeting/}
}
@Article{Timmerer2013_MPEGColumnDec,
  author = {Timmerer, Christian},
  journal = {ACM SIGMultimedia Records},
  title = {MPEG Column: 106th MPEG Meeting},
  year = {2013},
  issn = {1947-4598},
  month = {dec},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1-2},
  volume = {5},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  language = {EN},
  publisher = {ACM},
  url = {http://records.sigmm.ndlab.net/2014/01/mpeg-column-106th-mpeg-meeting/}
}
@Article{Timmerer2013_CN,
  author = {Timmerer, Christian and Vetro, Anthony},
  journal = {Computing Now},
  title = {Recent MPEG Standards for Future Media Ecosystems},
  year = {2013},
  month = {oct},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1},
  volume = {6},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  language = {EN},
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society [online]},
  url = {http://www.computer.org/portal/web/computingnow/archive/october2013}
}
@InProceedings{Sieber2013,
  author = {Sieber, Christian and Ho{\ss}feld, Tobias and Zinner, Thomas and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Timmerer, Christian},
  booktitle = {Integrated Network Management (IM 2013), 2013 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on},
  title = {Implementation and User-centric Comparison of a Novel Adaptation Logic for DASH with SVC},
  year = {2013},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  editor = {De Turck, Filip and Diao, Yixin and Hong, Choong Seon and Medhi, Deep and Sadre, Ramin},
  month = {may},
  pages = {1318-1323},
  publisher = {IEEE Communications Society},
  abstract = {The MPEG-DASH standard allows the client-centric access to different representations of video content via the HTTP protocol. The client can flexibly switch between different qualities, i.e., different bit rates and thus avoid waiting times during the video playback due to empty playback buffers. However, quality switches and the playback of lower qualities is perceived by the user which may reduce the Quality of Experience (QoE). Therefore, novel algorithms are required which manage the streaming behavior with respect to the user's requirements and which do not waste network resources. As indicated by recent studies, scalable video coding (SVC) may use the current network and content distribution infrastructure in a more efficient way than with single layer codecs. The contribution of this paper is the design and the implementation of a novel DASH/SVC streaming algorithm. By means of measurements in a test-bed, its performance and benefits are evaluated and compared to existing algorithms from an user-centric view point with objective performance metrics. Our findings show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other DASH mechanisms in terms of video quality, low switching frequency and usage of the available resources in a realistic mobile network scenario. This is a first step towards true QoE management of video streaming in the Internet with DASH and SVC.},
  isbn13 = {978-1-4673-5229-1},
  keywords = {quality of experience, mpeg-dash, scalable video coding, adaptive media streaming},
  language = {EN},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/06573184.pdf},
  talktype = {none}
}
@InProceedings{Rainer_2013_PQS,
  author = {Rainer, Benjamin and Timmerer, Christian and Waltl, Markus},
  booktitle = {4th International Workshop on Perceptual Quality of Systems 2013 (PQS 2013)},
  title = {Recommendations for the Subjective Evaluation of Sensory Experience},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Vienna, Austria},
  editor = {Schatz, Raimund},
  month = {sep},
  pages = {1-6},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {Selecting and adopting the appropriate assessment method for conducting subjective quality assessments is a challenging task. The method decides whether the assessment is successful in delivering the correct answers to previously set up hypotheses. Therefore, in this paper we provide recommendations on test methods used in the domain of Sensory Experience. The proposed test methods comprise single stimulus and double stimulus methods. These test methods were used in previous studies and are presented in combination with the results of the subjective quality assessments with which they were used. Furthermore, we briefly outline our test setup, test design, and test content for assessing Sensory Experience which have been validated through conducted assessments.},
  keywords = {Subjective Evaluation Methods; Sensory Experience; Recommendations},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Vienna, Austria},
  talkdate = {2013.09.03},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@InProceedings{Rainer2013_QoMEX2013_MediaPlayout,
  author = {Rainer, Benjamin and Timmerer, Christian},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX'13)},
  title = {Adaptive Media Playout for Inter-Destination Media Synchronization},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  editor = {Timmerer, Christian and Le Callet, Patrick and Varela, Martin and Winkler, Stefan and Falk, Tiago H},
  month = {jul},
  pages = {44-45},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {Synchronizing multimedia playback among geographically distributed clients is a challenging task and is referred to as Inter-Destination Media Synchronization (IDMS). In this paper we discuss the uses cases of IDMS as identified within the SocialSensor Project and based on these use cases we derive a novel Adaptive Media Playout (AMP) scheme which aims on carrying out the process of synchronizing the media playback at the clients to a given synchronization point. We propose how visual and acoustic features can be used to achieve a QoE-aware and context-aware AMP scheme.},
  isbn13 = {-},
  keywords = {Adaptive Media Playout, Inter-Destination Media Synchronization, Social TV},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/QoMEX2013_MediaPlayout.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.07.03},
  talktype = {poster},
  url = {http://www.qomex2013.org}
}
@InProceedings{Rainer2013_QoMEX2013_EvalPlatform,
  author = {Rainer, Benjamin and Waltl, Markus and Timmerer, Christian},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX'13)},
  title = {A Web based Subjective Evaluation Platform},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  editor = {Timmerer, Christian and Le Callet, Patrick and Varela, Martin and Winkler, Stefan and Falk, Tiago H},
  month = {jul},
  pages = {24-25},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {Preparing and conducting subjective quality assessments is a time consuming and expensive task. Therefore, we present a Web-based evaluation framework which aims on reducing the time needed for planning and designing a subjective quality assessment. The presented framework can be used for both crowdsourced and laboratory experiments. It should ease the task of designing a subjective quality assessment by providing a flexible framework. The framework has proven its applicability and flexibility to design and conduct assessments in the past and is available as open source.},
  isbn13 = {-},
  keywords = {Evaluation Platform, Crowdsourced Quality Evaluation, Laboratory Quality Evaluation, Quality Assessment Framework},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/QoMEX2013_EvalPlatform.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.07.03},
  talktype = {poster},
  url = {http://www.qomex2013.org}
}
@InProceedings{Raffelsberger2013a,
  author = {Raffelsberger, Christian and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops ({PerCom Workshops '13})},
  title = {A Hybrid {MANET-DTN} Routing Scheme For Emergency Response Scenarios},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  editor = {Indulska, Jadwiga and Bisdikian, Chatschik},
  month = {mar},
  pages = {505-510},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {Emergency response operations are a promising application area for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Most existing MANET routing protocols assume that an end-toend path between source and destination can be established. However, this assumption may not hold in a hastily formed network established during an emergency response. This paper evaluates a store-and-forward mechanism for proactive routing protocols to mitigate the effects of network disruptions. The mechanism is integrated into two routing protocols. The modified protocols are evaluated in an emergency response scenario that includes a disaster area mobility model and a wireless obstacle model. The scenario represents a realistic first responder operation after an incident in a chemical facility. The evaluation results show that networks for disaster responses benefit from the modified routing protocols.},
  language = {EN},
  location = {San Diego, CA, USA},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/PerNEM2013-cr.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.03.22},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@InProceedings{Raffelsberger2013,
  author = {Raffelsberger, Christian and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Combined workshop on Self-organizing, Adaptive, and Context-Sensitive Distributed Systems and Self-organized Communication in Disaster Scenarios ({SACS/SoCoDiS} '13)},
  title = {Overview of Hybrid {MANET-DTN} Networking and its Potential for Emergency Response Operations},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Berlin, Germany},
  editor = {Zapf, Michael and Evers, Florian},
  month = {mar},
  pages = {1 -12},
  publisher = {Electronic Communications of the EASST ({ECEASST})},
  abstract = {Communication networks for emergency response operations have to operate in harsh environments. As fixed infrastructures may be unavailable (e.g., they are destroyed or overloaded), mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are a promising solution to establish communication for emergency response operations. However, networks for emergency responses may provide diverse connectivity characteristics which imposes some challenges, especially on routing. Routing protocols need to take transmission errors, node failures and even the partitioning of the network into account. Thus, there is a need for routing algorithms that provide mechanisms from Delay or Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) in order to cope with network disruptions but at the same time are as efficient as MANET routing schemes in order to preserve network resources. This paper reviews several hybrid MANET-DTN routing schemes that can be found in the literature. Additionally, the paper evaluates a realistic emergency response scenario and shows that MANET-DTN routing schemes have the potential to improve network performance as the resulting network is diverse in terms of connectivity. In particular, the network provides well-connected regions whereas other parts are only intermittently connected.},
  issn = {1863-2122},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Stuttgart, Germany},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/SoCoDis2013-cr.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.03.15},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@InProceedings{Posch2013,
  author = {Posch, Daniel and Hellwagner, Hermann and Schartner, Peter},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Secure Network Protocols (NPSec' 13)},
  title = {On-Demand Video Streaming based on Dynamic Adaptive Encrypted Content Chunks},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  editor = {Li, Jun and Maennel, Olaf},
  month = {oct},
  pages = {6},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {This paper proposes a framework for on-demand video streaming that enables secure and efficient delivery of data towards the end user. Our proposal requires the combined usage of three different technologies. The first one is a recent proposal by Jacobsen et al. called Content-Centric Networking (also known as Named Data Networking). It is a network architecture that introduces named data as the most valuable element in the network and divides it into so called content chunks, which are self-identifying and self-authenticating data units. The second concept we utilize derives from the approach of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP, which allows clients to dynamically choose the quality of the received video stream according to their available resources. Finally, we adapt the concept of Broadcast Encryption to form a tool to control the access to provided content streams. The combination of these technologies enables us to design a framework that allows streaming providers to transport data to customers as dynamic adaptive encrypted content chunks, which is an efficient, flexible and scalable way of multimedia data transport.},
  keywords = {Content-Centric Networking, CCN, Named Data Networking, NDN, Dynamic Adaptive Streaming, DASH, Broadcast Encryption, Video on Demand},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Germany, Göttingen},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/ICNP_NPSEC_Streaming.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.10.07},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@Article{Pohl2013d,
  author = {Pohl, Daniela and Bouchachia, Abdelhamid and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  journal = {Multimedia Tools and Applications},
  title = {Social Media for Crisis Management: Clustering Approaches for Sub-Event Detection},
  year = {2013},
  month = {dec},
  pages = {1-32},
  address = {Springer, NY, US},
  language = {EN},
  publisher = {Springer US}
}
@InCollection{Pohl2013c,
  author = {Pohl, Daniela and Bouchachia, Abdelhamid},
  booktitle = {Business Intelligence and Performance Management},
  publisher = {Springer London},
  title = {Financial Time Series Processing: A Roadmap of Online and Offline Methods},
  year = {2013},
  address = {London, UK},
  editor = {Rausch, Peter and Sheta, Alaa F and Ayesh, Aladdin},
  month = {apr},
  pages = {145-162},
  series = {Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing},
  language = {EN},
  subtitle = {Theory, Systems and Industrial Applications}
}
@InProceedings{Mueller2013b,
  author = {Mueller, Christopher and Lederer, Stefan and Pöcher, Jörg and Timmerer, Christian},
  booktitle = {In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) 2013},
  title = {libdash – An Open Source Software Library for the MPEG-DASH Standard},
  year = {2013},
  address = {San Jose, USA},
  editor = {Servetti, Antonio and Aydin, Alatan},
  month = {jul},
  pages = {1-2},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is an ISO/IEC MPEG standard which enables the convenient and smooth transportation of multimedia data to heterogeneous end devices over networks with variable bandwidth conditions. This kind of streaming technology is mainly used with HTTP 1.0 and 1.1 respectively, which both have some drawbacks. Therefore, the IETF has started the development of HTTP 2.0, which is based on Google’s SPDY proposal and already supported by several major companies, e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Akamai, Mozilla and obviously Google. Furthermore, Content Centric Networking (CCN) is another novel approach for future networks that is considered as an revolutionary approach compared to HTTP 2.0. The CCN communication paradigm is completely different and does not rely on direct connections between hosts, it rather focuses on the content. This paper demonstrates DASH with HTTP 2.0/SPDY and CCN using our universal libdash library. Moreover, different mechanisms of DASH will be shown that can be used to provide on-demand and live content in an efficient and comfortable way.},
  language = {EN},
  location = {San Jose, USA},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/libdash-demo.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.07.18},
  talktype = {poster}
}
@Article{Mueller2013_MMC,
  author = {Mueller, Christopher and Lederer, Stefan and Timmerer, Christian},
  journal = {IEEE Multimedia Communications Technical Committee E-Letter},
  title = {Fair Share Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP},
  year = {2013},
  month = {mar},
  number = {2},
  pages = {30-33},
  volume = {8},
  abstract = {Multimedia delivery over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is currently very popular and with MPEGs' Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) a standard is available to provide interoperability and enable large-scale deployments using existing infrastructures (servers, proxies, caches, etc.). This paper identifies some issue when multiple DASH clients compete for a bandwidth bottleneck when transparent proxy caches are deployed. Therefore, we propose a fair share adaptation scheme to be included within the client which – through experimental results – achieve a more efficient utilization of the bottleneck bandwidth and less quality switches.},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  keywords = {Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP, DASH, Fair Adaptation, Proxy Cache, Multimedia},
  language = {EN},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/E-Letter-March13.pdf},
  publisher = {IEEE Communications Society [online]},
  url = {http://committees.comsoc.org/mmc/e-news/E-Letter-March13.pdf}
}
@InProceedings{Mueller2013,
  author = {Mueller, Christopher and Lederer, Stefan and Timmerer, Christian and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  booktitle = {In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) 2013},
  title = {Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP/2.0},
  year = {2013},
  address = {San Jose, USA},
  editor = {Li, Jin},
  month = {jul},
  pages = {1-6},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is a new streaming standard that has been recently ratified as an international standard (IS). In comparison to other streaming systems, e.g., HTTP progressive download, DASH is able to handle varying bandwidth conditions providing smooth streaming. Furthermore, it enables NAT and Firewall traversal, flexible and scalable deployment as well as reduced infrastructure costs due to the reuse of existing Internet infrastructure components, e.g., proxies, caches, and Content Distribution Networks (CDN). Recently, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol Bis (httpbis) working group of the IETF has officially started the development of HTTP 2.0. Initially three major proposals have been submitted to the IETF i.e., Googles' SPDY, Microsofts' HTTP Speed+Mobility and Network-Friendly HTTP Upgrade, but SPDY has been chosen as working draft for HTTP 2.0. In this paper we implemented MPEG-DASH over HTTP 2.0 (i.e., SPDY), demonstrating its potential benefits and drawbacks. Moreover, several experimental evaluations have been performed that compare HTTP 2.0 with HTTP 1.1 and HTTP 1.0 in the context of DASH. In particular, the protocol overhead, the performance for different round trip times, and DASH with HTTP 2.0 in a lab test scenario has been evaluated in detail.},
  language = {EN},
  location = {San Jose, USA},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/paper_330.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.07.17},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@InProceedings{Lederer2013c,
  author = {Lederer, Stefan and Mueller, Christopher and Rainer, Benjamin and Timmerer, Christian and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) 2013},
  title = {An Experimental Analysis of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP in Content Centric Networks},
  year = {2013},
  address = {San Jose, USA},
  editor = {Wang, Haohong},
  month = {jul},
  pages = {1-6},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {This paper presents the usage of CCN, which is a candidate for the next-generation Internet, in combination with the new Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) standard, which was recently ratified by ISO/IEC MPEG. In contrast to the Internet Protocol, which is mainly based on the host-to-host connection paradigm originated in the 1970s, Content Centric Networking (CCN) focuses on the content itself, instead of its location. Considering the dominance of multimedia traffic in todays' Internet, the streaming performance of DASH over CCN as well as the problems introduced by this combination is worth to be investigated in detail. Therefore, we evaluate the protocol overhead introduced by the usage of CCN compared to the HTTP versions 1.0 and 1.1. Furthermore, the performance of DASH over CCN under different network conditions is compared to the performance of HTTP 1.0/1.1. Our results showed that although CCN comes together with higher protocol overhead than HTTP 1.0/1.1 as well as a prototype implementation, it can definitely compete with HTTP 1.0 in media streaming. Based on the evaluation results, problems as well as improvement possibilities are identified, which are the basis for future work in this area.},
  language = {EN},
  location = {San Jose, USA},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/ICME_Overhead-Performance-DASHoverCCN.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.07.18},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@Article{Lederer2013_MMC,
  author = {Lederer, Stefan and Mueller, Christopher and Grandl, Reinhard and Timmerer, Christian},
  journal = {IEEE Multimedia Communications Technical Committee E-Letter},
  title = {Adaptive Multimedia Streaming over Information-Centric Networks in Mobile Networks using Multiple Mobile Links},
  year = {2013},
  month = {nov},
  number = {6},
  pages = {38-41},
  volume = {8},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  language = {EN},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/E-Letter-Nov2013.pdf},
  publisher = {IEEE Communications Society [online]},
  url = {http://committees.comsoc.org/mmc/e-news/E-Letter-Nov2013.pdf}
}
@Article{Kud2013_SPIC,
  author = {Kudumakis, Panos and Sandler, Mark and Anadiotis, Angelos-Christos G and Venieris, Iakovos S and Difino, Angelo and Wang, Xin and Tropea, Giuseppe and Grafl, Michael and Rodríguez-Doncel, Víctor and Llorente, Silvia and Delgado, Jaime},
  journal = {Signal Processing: Image Communication},
  title = {MPEG-M: A Digital Media Ecosystem for Interoperable Applications},
  year = {2013},
  issn = {09235965},
  month = {dec},
  pages = {24},
  abstract = {MPEG-M is a suite of ISO/IEC standards (ISO/IEC 23006) that has been developed under the auspices of Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). MPEG-M, also known as Multimedia Service Platform Technologies (MSPT), facilitates a collection of multimedia middleware APIs and elementary services as well as service aggregation so that service providers can offer users a plethora of innovative services by extending current IPTV technology toward the seamless integration of personal content creation and distribution, e-commerce, social networks and Internet distribution of digital media.},
  address = {Amsterdam, Netherlands},
  doi = {10.1016/j.image.2013.10.006},
  language = {EN},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2013.10.006}
}
@InProceedings{Grafl2013_ViDEv,
  author = {Grafl, Michael and Timmerer, Christian and Hellwagner, Hermann and Cherif, Wael and Ksentini, Adlen},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd {IEEE} {WoWMoM} Workshop on Video Everywhere ({ViDEv} 2013)},
  title = {Evaluation of Hybrid Scalable Video Coding for {HTTP}-based Adaptive Media Streaming with High-Definition Content},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  editor = {Todd, Terence D and Paterakis, Michael},
  month = {jun},
  pages = {7},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {Scalable Video Coding (SVC) in media streaming enables dynamic adaptation based on device capabilities and network conditions. In this paper, we investigate deployment options of SVC for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) with a special focus on scalability options, which are relevant for dynamic adaptation, especially in wireless and mobile environments. We evaluate the performance of SVC with respect to spatial and quality scalability options and compare it to non-scalable Advanced Video Coding (AVC). Performance evaluations are performed for various encoder implementations with high-definition (1080p) content. We show that a hybrid approach with multiple independent SVC bitstreams can have advantages in storage requirements at comparable rate-distortion performance.},
  keywords = {scalable video coding; HTTP streaming; adaptation; high-definition; hybrid SVC-DASH},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Madrid, Spain},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/Hybrid_SVC-DASH.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.06.04},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@PhdThesis{Grafl2013_PhD,
  author = {Grafl, Michael},
  school = {Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt},
  title = {Scalable Media Delivery Chain with Distributed Adapation},
  year = {2013},
  month = {jun},
  abstract = {On TV screens, PCs, tablets, and mobile phones, video streaming has become a constant companion in our daily lives. For every video, we expect high visual quality, free from distortions, that is adjusted to the device at hand. But how can streaming systems cope with the increasing network traffic, the subsequent network congestions, and the different characteristics of end-user terminals? This thesis covers approaches for distributed adaptation of scalable video resources in media delivery. Scalable video resources consist of several layers that enable various spatial resolutions, frame rates, or qualities of a content. By dropping some of these layers, the video can be adjusted to the available bandwidth or to a specific end-user terminal. The adaptation can be performed on the sender side, on the receiver side, and on one or more network nodes. Scalable media coding can also help to reduce bandwidth requirements in multicast scenarios (e.g., for IPTV). One popular realization of scalable media coding is the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) standard. This thesis consists of three main parts, addressing various challenges towards efficient SVC adaptation. The first part of this thesis focuses on the encoding of SVC. In order to enable efficient adaptation, the configuration of layers has to be carefully chosen at encoding time. Thus, the performances of various encoding configurations and encoder implementations are evaluated. Furthermore, encoding guidelines for SVC are developed, which are aligned with recommendations of industry streaming solutions. The evaluation results of the developed SVC encoding guidelines suggest that quality scalability should be preferred over spatial scalability for adaptive streaming scenarios. Different resolutions for supporting device classes should rather be provided as separate SVC streams.
The second part of this thesis deals with the fact that scalable media formats, such as SVC, are still not widely adopted neither on the sender side nor on the end-user terminal. In order to enable the deployment of SVC for network transmission and to improve the support for streaming to heterogeneous devices, the concept of SVC tunneling is introduced in this thesis. The video is transcoded to SVC at the sender side and then transcoded back to another video format at the receiver side at an advanced home-gateway. However, the transcoding between video formats has a negative impact on the video quality. The trade-off between quality loss and bandwidth efficiency of SVC tunneling is evaluated. SVC tunneling with quality layers enables bandwidth savings at moderate quality loss (approx. 2.5 dB) compared to streaming separate non-scalable representations of the same qualities.
In the third part of this thesis, adaptation techniques for content-aware networks are investigated. In content-aware networks, some network nodes are capable to dynamically adapt video streams in reaction to varying network loads. With the increasing adoption of HTTP streaming, adaptation at the client side becomes a main factor for the viewing experience. The switch between two representations (e.g., different bitrates) of a video can disrupt that viewing experience. To reduce the effect of an abrupt quality change, the approach of a smooth transition between representations is developed and evaluated. A subjective user study indicates that this approach can indeed improve the overall viewing quality. Finally, the findings of the previous parts are integrated in an adaptive end-to-end SVC streaming system. Evaluations of this streaming system show that the developed adaptation framework significantly improves the video quality under packet loss (by up to 6 dB) compared to non-adaptive streaming.},
  language = {EN},
  pages = {264},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/Thesis_mgrafl.pdf}
}
@InProceedings{Grafl2013_PQS,
  author = {Grafl, Michael and Timmerer, Christian},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Perceptual Quality of Systems ({PQS} 2013)},
  title = {Representation Switch Smoothing for Adaptive {HTTP} Streaming},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Vienna, Austria},
  editor = {Schatz,Raimund and Hoßfeld, Tobias},
  month = {sep},
  pages = {178-183},
  publisher = {FTW},
  abstract = {When an adaptive media streaming system has to switch from one representation of the content to another, the switch causes viewer distraction. We introduce the concept of representation switch smoothing for alleviating the distraction and improving the overall quality of experience. As adaptive HTTP streaming systems typically deploy video buffers on the client side, the adaptation decision is known far enough ahead of playout time to perform a seamless transition between quality representations. We discuss implementation considerations for an adaptive HTTP streaming system with scalable video coding, present a subjective evaluation of the proposed approach, and identify factors that influence how smooth transitions are perceived.},
  keywords = {adaptive streaming; representation switching; quality of experience},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Vienna, Austria},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/representation_switch_smoothing.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.09.04},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@InProceedings{Grafl2013_ISCC,
  author = {Grafl, Michael and Timmerer, Christian and Hellwagner, Hermann and Cherif, Wael and Negru, Daniel and Battista, Stefano},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th {IEEE} Symposium on Computers and Communication ({ISCC} 2013)},
  title = {Scalable Video Coding Guidelines and Performance Evaluations for Adaptive Media Delivery of High Definition Content},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  editor = {Douligeris, Christos and Gotovac, Sven and Vojnović, Milan},
  month = {jul},
  pages = {6},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {Scalability within media coding allows for content adaptation towards heterogeneous user contexts and enables in-network adaptation. However, there is no straightforward solution how to encode the content in a scalable way while maximizing rate-distortion performance. In this paper we provide encoding guidelines for scalable video coding based on a survey of media streaming industry solutions and a comprehensive performance evaluation using four state of the art scalable video codecs with a focus on high-definition content (1080p).},
  keywords = {scalable video coding; adaptation; high-definition video; encoding; adaptive media streaming; content-aware networking},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Split, Coratia},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/SVC_guide_and_eval.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.07.10},
  talktype = {registered}
}
@Article{Grafl2013_ComCom,
  author = {Grafl, Michael and Timmerer, Christian and Hellwagner, Hermann and Cherif, Wael and Ksentini, Adlen},
  journal = {Computer Communications},
  title = {Hybrid Scalable Video Coding for {HTTP}-based Adaptive Media Streaming with High-Definition Content},
  year = {2013},
  issn = {01403664},
  month = {dec},
  pages = {11},
  abstract = {Scalable Video Coding (SVC) in media streaming enables dynamic adaptation based on device capabilities and network conditions. In this paper, we investigate deployment options of SVC for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) with a special focus on scalability options, which are relevant for dynamic adaptation, especially in wireless and mobile environments. We establish encoding recommendations and evaluate the performance of SVC with respect to spatial and quality scalability options and compare it to non-scalable Advanced Video Coding (AVC). Performance evaluations are performed for various encoder implementations with high-definition (1080p) content. We show that a hybrid approach with multiple independent SVC bitstreams can have advantages in storage requirements at comparable rate-distortion performance.},
  address = {Amsterdam, Netherlands},
  language = {EN},
  publisher = {Elsevier}
}
@Article{Grafl2012_MM,
  author = {Grafl, Michael and Timmerer, Christian and Hellwagner, Hermann and Xilouris, George and Gardikis, Georgios and Renzi, Daniele and Battista, Stefano and Borcoci, Eugen and Negru, Daniel},
  journal = {IEEE MultiMedia},
  title = {Scalable Media Coding enabling Content-Aware Networking},
  year = {2013},
  issn = {1070-986X},
  month = {apr},
  number = {2},
  pages = {30-41},
  volume = {20},
  abstract = {Given that multimedia services are becoming increasingly popular, they are expected to play a dominant role for the Future Internet. In this context, it is essential that Content-Aware Networking (CAN) architectures, as envisaged in the frame of the Future Internet, explicitly address the efficient delivery and processing of multimedia content. This article proposes adopting a content-aware approach into the network infrastructure, thus making it capable of identifying, processing, and manipulating (i.e., adapting, caching, etc.) media streams and objects in real time towards Quality of Service/Experience (QoS/QoE) maximization. Our proposal is built upon the exploitation of scalable media coding technologies within such a content-aware networking environment and is discussed based on four representative use cases for media delivery (unicast, multicast, peer-to-peer, and adaptive HTTP streaming) and with respect to a selection of CAN challenges, specifically flow processing, caching/buffering, and QoS/QoE management.},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MMUL.2012.57},
  language = {EN},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/SMC_enabling_CAN.pdf},
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}
}
@InCollection{Gardikis2013_3DFIM,
  author = {Gardikis, Georgios and Pallis, Evangelos and Grafl, Michael},
  booktitle = {3D Future Internet Media},
  publisher = {Springer Science+Business Media, LLC},
  title = {Media-Aware Networks in Future Internet Media},
  year = {2013},
  address = {New York},
  editor = {Kondoz, Ahmet and Dagiuklas, Tasos},
  month = {dec},
  pages = {6},
  abstract = {Multimedia (especially video) services constitute a dominant and ever increasing portion of the global Internet traffic, while they are expected to also play a major role in the Future Internet scene. In order to address this reality in the networking domain, a promising perspective is to gradually shift from the current, service-unaware, best-effort nature of IP networks into a network logic which is service-aware – and, in specific, media-aware. This chapter discusses how media-awareness can be introduced in the networking domain in a way which is both feasible and scalable, leveraging at the same time state-of-the-art technologies in video representations, such as Scalable Video Coding (SVC) and Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH).},
  doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-8373-1_7},
  language = {EN},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-8373-1_7}
}
@InProceedings{Crabtree2013,
  author = {Crabtree, Barry and Stevens, Tim and Allan, Brahin and Lederer, Stefan and Posch, Daniel and Mueller, Christopher and Timmerer, Christian},
  booktitle = {CCNxConn 2013},
  title = {Video Adaptation in Limited or Zero Network Coverage},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Palo Alto},
  editor = {Mahadevan, Priya},
  month = {sep},
  pages = {1-2},
  publisher = {PARC},
  abstract = {This paper shows how adaptive streaming and on-device caching can be used to provide an always available video service. A DASH client has been extended to deal with periods of zero network connectivity, and seamlessly works in conjunction with CCN to provide local storage that is intelligently updated to provide an improved quality of experience.},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Palo Alto, CA, USA},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/Video adaptation in limited or zero network coverage-CCNxCon.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.09.06},
  talktype = {poster},
  url = {http://www.ccnx.org/ccnxcon2013/ccnxcon-2013-official-agenda/}
}
@InProceedings{Alberti_QoMEX2013_DASH,
  author = {Alberti, Claudio and Renzi, Daniele and Timmerer, Christian and Mueller, Christopher and Lederer, Stefan and Battista, Stefano and Mattavelli, Marco},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX'13)},
  title = {Automated QoE Evaluation of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP},
  year = {2013},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  editor = {Timmerer, Christian and Le Callet, Patrick and Varela, Martin and Winkler, Stefan and Falk, Tiago},
  month = {jul},
  pages = {58--63},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  abstract = {Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is referred to as a multimedia streaming standard to deliver high quality multimedia content over the Internet using conventional HTTP Web servers. As a fundamental feature, it enables automatic switching of quality levels according to network conditions, user requirements, and expectations. Currently, the proposed adaptation schemes for HTTP streaming mostly rely on throughput measurements and/or buffer-related metrics, such as buffer exhaustion and levels. In this paper, we propose to enhance the DASH adaptation logic by feeding it with additional information from our evaluation of the users' perception approximating the user- perceived quality of video playback. The proposed model aims at conveniently combining TCP-, buffer-, and media content-related metrics as well as user requirements and expectations to be used as an input for the DASH adaptation logic. Experiments have demonstrated that the chosen model enhances the capability of the adaptation logic to select the optimal video quality level. Finally, we integrated all our findings into a real DASH system with QoE monitoring capabilities.},
  keywords = {DASH, Quality of Experience, monitoring, content adaptation},
  language = {EN},
  location = {Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria},
  pdf = {https://www.itec.aau.at/bib/files/p20-Alberti.pdf},
  talkdate = {2013.07.03},
  talktype = {registered}
}