[29] | Evsen Yanmaz, Robert Kuschnig, Christian Bettstetter, Channel Measurements Over 802.11a-Based UAV-to-Ground Links, In Proceedings of the GlobeCom 2010 (Wi-UAV Workshop) (Jonathan How, Christian Wietfeld, eds.), IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, pp. 5, 2011.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: The distribution of audio-visual content over the Internet has become very popular in recent years. However, due to the bandwidth requirements of videos in high definition, a costefficient distribution is desirable. In this paper we present a low-cost consumer electronics set-top box for streaming live video content using cost-efficient P2P networks. The main features of the set-top box include content discovery, highquality playback, easy user management, and social interaction.
|
[28] | Tibor Szkaliczki, Michael Eberhard, Hermann Hellwagner, Laszlo Szobonya, Knapsack Problem and Piece Picking Algorithms for Layered Video Streaming, In 7th Japanese-Hungarian Symposium on Discrete Mathematics and its Applications (Takuro Fukunaga, Satoru Iwata, Hiroshi Nagamochi, Kenjiro Takazawa, eds.), published on workshop homepage, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 419-426, 2011.
[bib] [pdf] |
[27] | Mark Stuart, Mike Buckham, Richard Marsh, Michael Eberhard, Johnathan Ishmael, Chris Needham, Christian Timmerer, NextShareTV: A Set-Top Box for Bittorrent-based Live Streaming, In Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME 2011) (Irene Cheng, Gabriel Fernandez, Haohong Wang, eds.), IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 1, 2011.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: The distribution of audio-visual content over the Internet has become very popular in recent years. However, due to the bandwidth requirements of videos in high definition, a costefficient distribution is desirable. In this paper we present a low-cost consumer electronics set-top box for streaming live video content using cost-efficient P2P networks. The main features of the set-top box include content discovery, highquality playback, easy user management, and social interaction.
|
[26] | Markus Quaritsch, Robert Kuschnig, Hermann Hellwagner, Bernhard Rinner, Fast Aerial Image Acquisition and Mosaicking for Emergency Response Operations by Collaborative UAVs, In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2011) (Julie Dugdale, David Mendonça, eds.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 5, 2011.
[bib] [pdf] |
[25] | Markus Quaritsch, Robert Kuschnig, Daniel Wischounig-Strucl, Saeed Yahyanejad, Vera Mersheeva, Evsen Yanmaz, Gerhard Friedrich, Hermann Hellwagner, Christian Bettstetter, Bernhard Rinner, FAMUOS: A Multi-UAV System for Aerial Reconnaissance in Rescue Scenarios, In Proceedings of the Austrian Robotics Workshop (ARW-11) (Michael Hofbaur, Manfred Husty, eds.), UMIT, Hall in Tyrol, Austria, pp. 3 3 3, 2011.
[bib] [pdf] |
[24] | Hermann Hellwagner, Heinz Hofbauer, Robert Kuschnig, Thomas Stütz, Andreas Uhl, Secure transport and adaptation of MC-EZBC video utilizing H.264-based transport protocols, In Journal on Signal Processing: Image Communication, Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 30, 2011.
[bib] [doi] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: Universal Multimedia Access (UMA) calls for solutions where content is created once and subsequently adapted to given requirements. With regard to UMA and scalability, which is required often due to a wide variety of end clients, the best suited codecs are wavelet based (like the MC-EZBC) due to their inherent high number of scaling options. However, most transport technologies for delivering videos to end clients are targeted toward the H.264/AVC standard or, if scalability is required, the H.264/SVC. In this paper we will introduce a mapping of the MC-EZBC bitstream to existing H.264/SVC based streaming and scaling protocols. This enables the use of highly scalable wavelet based codecs on the one hand and the utilization of already existing network technologies without accruing high implementation costs on the other hand. Furthermore, we will evaluate different scaling options in order to choose the best option for given requirements. Additionally, we will evaluate different encryption options based on transport and bitstream encryption for use cases where digital rights management is required.
|
[23] | Hermann Hellwagner, Ingo Kofler, Michael Eberhard, Robert Kuschnig, Michael Ransburg, Michael Sablatschan, Scalable Video Coding: Techniques and Applications for Adaptive Streaming, Chapter in Streaming Media Architectures, Techniques and Applications: Recent Advances (Ce Zhu, Yuenan Li, Xiamu Niu, eds.), Information Science Reference, Hershey, PA, USA, pp. 1-23, 2011.
[bib] [doi] [abstract]
Abstract: This chapter covers the topic of making use of scalable video content in streaming frameworks and applications. Specifically, the recent standard H.264/SVC, i.e., the scalable extension of the widely used H.264/AVC coding scheme, and its deployment for adaptive streaming, the combined activities of content adaptation and streaming, are considered. H.264/SVC is regarded as a promising candidate to enable applications to cope with bandwidth variations in networks and heterogeneous usage environments, mainly diverse end device capabilities and constraints. The relevant coding and transport principles of H.264/SVC are reviewed first. Subsequently, an overview of H.264/SVC applications is given. The chapter then focuses on presenting architectural/implementation options and applications of H.264/SVC for adaptive streaming, emphasizing the aspect of where, i.e., on which network node and on which layer in the networking stack, in the video delivery path the content adaptation can take place; also, methods of content adaptation are covered. This pragmatic perspective is seen as complementing more general discussions of scalable video adaptation issues in the existing literature.
|
[22] | Michael Eberhard, Hermann Hellwagner, Christian Timmerer, Tibor Szkaliczki, Laszlo Szobonya, An evaluation of piece-picking algorithms for layered content in Bittorrent-based peer-to-peer systems, In Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME 2011) (Irene Cheng, Gabriel Fernandez, Haohong Wang, eds.), IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 1-6, 2011.
[bib] [pdf] |
[21] | Michael Eberhard, Amit Kumar, Silvano Mignanti, Riccardo Petrocco, Mikko Uitto, A Framework for Distributing Scalable Content over Peer-to-Peer Networks, In International Journal on Advances in Internet Technology, IARIA, vol. 4, no. 1&2, N/A, pp. 1-13, 2011.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: Peer-to-Peer systems are nowadays a very popular solution for multimedia distribution, as they provide significant cost benefits compared with traditional server-client distribution. Additionally, the distribution of scalable content enables the consumption of the content in a quality suited for the available bandwidth and the capabilities of the end-user devices. Thus, the distribution of scalable content over Peer-to-Peer network is a very actual research topic. This paper presents a framework for the distribution of scalable content in a fully distributed Peer-to-Peer network. The architectural description includes how the scalable layers of the content are mapped to the pieces distributed in the Peer-to-Peer system and detailed descriptions of the producer- and consumer-site architecture of the system. Additionally, an evaluation of the system’s performance in different scenarios is provided. The test series in the evaluation section assess the performance of our layered piece-picking core and provide a comparison of the performance of our system’s multi layer and single layer implementations. The presented system is to our knowledge the first open-source Peer-to-Peer network with full Scalable Video Coding support.
|
[20] | Markus Waltl, Christian Timmerer, Hermann Hellwagner, Increasing the User Experience of Multimedia Presentations with Sensory Effects, In Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS'10) (Riccardo Leonardi, Pierangelo Migliorati, Andrea Cavallaro, eds.), IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 1-4, 2010.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: The term Universal Multimedia Experience (UME) has gained momentum and is well recognized within the research community. As this approach puts the user into the center stage, additional complexity is added to the overall quality assessment problem which calls for a scientific framework to capture, measure, quantify, judge, and explain the user experience. In previous work we have proposed the annotation of multimedia content with sensory effect metadata that can be used to stimulate also other senses than vision or audition. In this paper we report first results obtained from subjective tests in the area of sensory effects attached to traditional multimedia presentations such as movies that shall lead to an enhanced, unique, and worthwhile user experience.
|
[19] | Markus Waltl, Christian Timmerer, Hermann Hellwagner, Improving the Quality of Multimedia Experience through Sensory Effects, In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX'10) (Andrew Perkis, Sebastian Möller, Peter Svensson, Amy Reibman, eds.), IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 124-129, 2010.
[bib][url] [doi] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: In previous and related work sensory effects are presented as a tool for increasing the user experience of multimedia presentations by stimulating also other senses than vision or audition. In this paper we primarily investigated the relationship of the Quality of Experience (QoE) due to various video bit-rates of multimedia contents annotated with sensory effects (e.g., wind, vibration, light). Therefore, we defined a subjective quality assessment methodology based on standardized methods. The paper describes the test environment, its setup, and conditions in detail. Furthermore, we experimented with a novel voting device that allows for continuous voting feedback during a sequence in addition to the overall quality voting at the end of each sequence. The results obtained from the subjective quality assessment are presented and discussed thoroughly. In anticipation of the results we can report an improvement of the quality of the multimedia experience thanks to the sensory effects.
|
[18] | Christian Timmerer, Markus Waltl, Hermann Hellwagner, Are Sensory Effects Ready for the World Wide Web?, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Interoperable Social Multimedia Applications (WISMA 2010) (Anna Carreras, Jaime Delgado, Xavier Maroñas, Víctor Rodríguez, eds.), CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org), Aachen, Germany, pp. 57-60, 2010.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: The World Wide Web (WWW) is one of the main entry points to access and consume Internet content in various forms. In particular, the Web browser is used to access different types of media (i.e., text, image, audio, and video) and on some platforms is the only way to access the vast amount of information on the Web. Recently, it has been proposed to stimulate also other senses than vision or audition while consuming multimedia content through so- called sensory effects, with the aim to increase the user’s Quality of Experience (QoE). The effects are represented as Sensory Effects Metadata (SEM) which is associated to traditional multimedia content and is rendered (synchronized with the media) on sensory devices like fans, vibration chairs, lamps, etc. In this paper we provide a principal investigation of whether the sensory effects are ready for the WWW and, in anticipation of the result, we propose how to embed sensory effect metadata within Web content and the synchronized rendering thereof.
|
[17] | Christian Timmerer, Michael Eberhard, Michael Grafl, Keith Mitchell, Sam Dutton, Hermann Hellwagner, A Metadata Model for Peer-to-Peer Media Distribution, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Interoperable Social Multimedia Applications (WISMA 2010) (Anna Carreras, Jaime Delgado, Xavier Maroñas, Víctor Rodríguez, eds.), CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org), Aachen, Germany, pp. 8, 2010.
[bib][url] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: In this paper we describe a metadata solution for a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) content distribution system termed NextShare. We outline the key motivating factors for our approach, detail the overall generic architecture we have developed and present the workflow for delivering metadata through Peer-to-Peer based content distribution. The paper also presents the metadata model we have developed and we describe in detail how all the content can be packetized and distributed using NextShare. Finally, a description of the core and optional metadata attributes which may be utilized within the system is provided.
|
[16] | Christian Timmerer, Filippo Chiariglione, Marius Preda, Victor Rodriguez Doncel, Accelerating Media Business Developments with the MPEG Extensible Middleware, Chapter in Towards the Future Internet - Emerging Trends from European Research (Georgios Tselentis, Alex Galis, Anastasius Gavras, Srdjan Krco, Volkmar Letz, Elena Simperl, Burkhard Stiller, Theodore Zahariadis, eds.), IOS Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 217-226, 2010.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: This document provides an overview of the MPEG Extensible Middleware (MXM), one of ISO/IEC MPEG’s latest achievements, defining an architecture and corresponding application programming interfaces (APIs) which enable accelerated media business developments. The paper describes the vision behind MXM, its architecture, and a high level overview of the API. Additionally, example MXM applications are given.
|
[15] | Christian Timmerer, Hermann Hellwagner, MPEG-21 digital items in research and practice, In Proceedings of the 1st International Digital Preservation Interoperability Framework Symposium (Wo Chang, ed.), ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 8:1-8:8, 2010.
[bib] [doi] [pdf] [slides] [abstract]
Abstract: The aim of the MPEG‐21 standard, the so‐called Multimedia Framework, is to enable transparent and augmented use of multimedia resources across a wide range of networks, devices, user preferences, and communities, notably for trading (of bits). As such, it provides an important step in MPEG's standards evolution, i.e., the transaction of Digital Items among Users. This paper provides an overview of applications making use specifically of MPEG‐21 Digital Items and a more in‐depth presentation of a few selected applications in research and practice.
|
[14] | Christian Timmerer, Karsten Müller, Immersive Future Media Technologies: From 3D Video to Sensory Experiences, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia (MM '10) (Alberto del Bimbo, Shih-Fu Chang, Arnold Smeulders, eds.), ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 1781-1782, 2010.
[bib][url] [doi] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: In this tutorial we present immersive future media technologies ranging from 3D video to sensory experiences. The former targets stereo and multi-view video technologies whereas the latter aims at stimulating other senses than vision or audition enabling an advanced user experiences through sensory effects.
|
[13] | Tibor Szkaliczki, Michael Eberhard, Hermann Hellwagner, László Szobonya, Piece Selection Algorithm for Layered Video Streaming in P2P Networks, In Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics, Elsevier Inc., vol. 36, New York, USA, pp. 1265-1272, 2010, ISCO 2010 - International Symposium on Combinatorial Optimization.
[bib][url] [doi] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: This paper introduces the piece selection problem that arises when streaming layered video content over peer-to-peer networks. The piece selection algorithm decides periodically which pieces to request from other peers (network nodes) for download. The main goal of the piece selection algorithm is to provide the best possible quality for the available bandwidth. Our recommended solution approaches are related to the typical problems and solutions in the knapsack problem.
|
[12] | Robert Kuschnig, Ingo Kofler, Hermann Hellwagner, An Evaluation of TCP-based Rate-control Algorithms for Adaptive Internet Streaming of H.264/SVC, In Proceedings of the First Annual ACM SIGMM Conference on Multimedia Systems (MMSys) (Wu-chi Feng, Ketan Mayer-Patel, eds.), ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 157-168, 2010.
[bib][url] [doi] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: Recent work in TCP video streaming indicates that multimedia streaming via TCP provides satisfactory performance when the achievable TCP throughput is approximately twice the media bit rate. However, these conditions may not be achievable on the Internet, e.g., when the delivery path offers insufficient bandwidth or becomes congested due to competing traffic. Therefore, adaptive streaming for videos over TCP is required and a number of rate-control algorithms for video streaming have been proposed and evaluated in the literature. In this paper, we evaluate and compare three existing rate-control algorithms for TCP streaming in terms of the (PSNR) quality of the delivered video and in terms of the timeliness of delivery. The contribution of the paper is that, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of TCP-based streaming in an Internet-like setting making use of the scalability features of the H.264/SVC video codec. Two simple bandwidth estimation algorithms and a priority-/deadline-driven approach are described to adapt the bit rates of, and transmit, the H.264/SVC video in a rate-distortion optimal manner. The results indicate that the three algorithms perform robustly in terms of video quality and timely delivery, both on under-provisioned links and in case of competing TCP flows. The priority-/deadline-driven technique is even more stable in terms of packet delays and jitter; thus, client buffers can be dimensioned more easily.
|
[11] | Robert Kuschnig, Ingo Kofler, Hermann Hellwagner, Improving Internet Video Streaming Performance by Parallel TCP-Based Request-Response Streams, In Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC) (Sergey Balandin, Marcin Matuszewksi, Jörg Ott, eds.), IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 5, 2010.
[bib][url] [doi] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: TCP-based video streaming encounters difficulties in unreliable networks with unanticipated packet loss. In combination with high round trip times, the effective throughput deteriorates rapidly and TCP connection resets or stalls may occur. In this paper, we propose a client-driven video transmission scheme which utilizes multiple HTTP/TCP streams. The scheme is largely insensitive to unanticipated packet loss and thereby reduces throughput fluctuations. Since it is based on HTTP, the scheme can easily be deployed in existing network infrastructures. It fosters scalability on the server side by shifting complexity from the server to the clients. Certain features of request-response schemes allow maintaining fairness, despite of using multiple HTTP streams. Making use of TCP, the scheme inherently adapts to congested network links.
|
[10] | Michael Eberhard, Tibor Szkaliczki, Hermann Hellwagner, László Szobonya, Christian Timmerer, Knapsack Problem-based Piece-Picking Algorithms for Layered Content in Peer-to-Peer Networks, In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Workshop on Advanced Video Streaming Techniques for Peer-to-Peer Networks and Social Networking (Gabriella Olmo, Christian Timmerer, Pascal Frossard, Keith Mitchell, eds.), ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 71-76, 2010.
[bib][url] [doi] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: The distribution of layered content over peer-to-peer networks becomes more important today as the users are consuming the content on terminals with various display capabilities and different network connections. For single-layer content distribution, the piece-picking algorithm only needs to ensure that content pieces are downloaded in time for display. When layered content is distributed over a peer-to-peer network, the piece-picking algorithm needs to be modified to ensure that the best possible quality is displayed while all desired pieces still have to be received before their deadline expires. In this paper, the piece-picking problem for layered content is analyzed and a number of piece-picking algorithms for layered content based on the solutions for the knapsack problem are presented. Furthermore, an evaluation of these algorithms is performed and possible applications are discussed.
|
[9] | Nicola Capovilla, Michael Eberhard, Silvano Mignanti, Riccardo Petrocco, Janne Vehkaperä, An Architecture for Distributing Scalable Content over Peer-to-Peer Networks, In Proceedings of the Second International Conferences on Advances in Multimedia (MMEDIA 2010) (Laszlo Böszörmenyi, Dumitru Burdescu, Philip Davis, Peter Stanchev, eds.), IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 1-6, 2010.
[bib][url] [doi] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: Peer-to-Peer systems are nowadays a very popular solution for multimedia distribution, as they provide significant cost benefits compared with traditional server-client distribution. Additionally, the distribution of scalable content enables the consumption of the content in a quality suited for the available bandwidth and the capabilities of the end-user devices. Thus, the distribution of scalable content over Peer-to-Peer networks is a very actual research topic. This paper presents an architecture for the distribution of scalable content in a fully distributed Peer-to-Peer network. The architectural description includes how the scalable layers of the content are mapped to the pieces distributed in the Peer-to-Peer system and detailed descriptions of the producer- and consumer-site architecture of the system. The presented system is to our knowledge the first open-source Peer-to-Peer network with full Scalable Video Coding support.
|
[8] | Christian Timmerer, Jean Gelissen, Markus Waltl, Hermann Hellwagner, Interfacing with Virtual Worlds, In Proceedings of the 2009 NEM Summit (Halid Hrasnica, ed.), Eurescom – the European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunications – GmbH, Heidelberg, pp. 118-123, 2009.
[bib][url] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: Virtual worlds (often referred to as 3D3C for 3D visualization & navigation and the 3C’s of Community, Creation and Commerce) integrate existing and emerging (media) technologies (e.g. instant messaging, video, 3D, VR, AI, chat, voice, etc.) that allow for the support of existing and the development of new kinds of networked services. The emergence of virtual worlds as platforms for networked services is recognized by businesses as an important enabler as it offers the power to reshape the way companies interact with their environments (markets, customers, suppliers, creators, stakeholders, etc.) in a fashion comparable to the Internet and to allow for the development of new (breakthrough) business models, services, applications and devices. Each virtual world however has a different culture and audience making use of these specific worlds for a variety of reasons. These differences in existing Metaverses permit users to have unique experiences. In order to bridge these differences in existing and emerging Metaverses a standardized framework is required, i.e., MPEG-V Media Context and Control (ISO/IEC 23005), that will provide a lower entry level to (multiple) virtual worlds both for the provider of goods and services as well as the user. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of MPEG-V and its intended standardization areas. Additionally, a review about MPEG-V’s most advanced part – Sensory Information – is given.
|
[7] | Ingo Kofler, Robert Kuschnig, Hermann Hellwagner, Improving IPTV Services by H.264/SVC Adaptation and Traffic Control, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB) (Pablo Angueira, Ulrich Reimers, eds.), IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 1-6, 2009.
[bib][url] [doi] [abstract]
Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach that combines both in-network, application-layer adaptation and network-layer traffic control of scalable video streams based on the H.264/SVC standard. In the IPTV/VoD scenario considered, an intercepting RTSP/RTP proxy performs admission control of the requested video, based on the signaled scalability information, and decides whether the content can be streamed without changes or in an adapted version. The proxy configures the network layer appropriately in order to separate the video stream from besteffort traffic on the same link. Rather than performing fixed bandwidth allocation, our proxy approach uses the Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) queuing discipline to allow for borrowing bandwidth between traffic classes. In that setting, two different allocation policies are introduced. The Hard Reservation Policy (HRP) performs admission control and adaptation on the video streams and does not modify video bandwidth allocation after admission. In contrast, the Flexible Borrowing Policy (FBP) restricts the admission control to the base layer of the SVC stream. The packets carrying MGS enhancement layer data are marked with priorities by the proxy and are handled at the network layer by a priority-based queuing mechanism. Both a qualitative comparison and an experimental evaluation of the two policies are given.
|
[6] | Michael Eberhard, Christian Timmerer, Emanuele Quacchio, Hermann Hellwagner, An Interoperable Delivery Framework for Scalable Media Resources, In IEEE Wireless Communications, IEEE, vol. Oktober 2009, no. Vol. 16, No. 5, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 58-63, 2009.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: In this paper, an interoperable framework for the delivery of scalable media resources, e.g., in the standardized Scalable Video Coding (SVC) format, is presented. The framework provides support for Video on Demand (VoD) as well as multicast streaming and performs an efficient, generic, and interoperable adaptation of the streamed content based on MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA). The server as well as the clients of the streaming framework implement the MPEG Extensible Middleware (MXM) and utilize the MPEG Query Format (MPQF) for querying the available media resources. The framework has been fully integrated into the VLC media player. The architecture for both, VoD and multicast is presented in detail. Finally, a comparison in terms of performance of the generic MPEG-21 metadata-based adaptation approach to an SVC-specific adaptation approach is provided.
|
[5] | Michael Eberhard, Christian Timmerer, Hermann Hellwagner, A Layered Piece-Picking Algorithm for Peer-to-Peer Networks, In STreaming Day ’09 Proceedings (Marko Raggio, Fabrizio Rovati, eds.), NA, NA, pp. n.a., 2009.
[bib] [abstract]
Abstract: The streaming of multimedia content over Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks is nowadays a well appreciated concept, as it helps distributing content to a great number of users and additionally reduces the server costs for providing the content. As the users of P2P networks often have different bandwidth connections and terminals, the same content is usually provided in different qualities. Although such a provision of the same content in different qualities helps to satisfy all users, it makes the sharing process less efficient. Users that are interested in the content in a specific quality can only exchange pieces with those users that are interested in the same content and the same quality. Thus, layered video coding, which provides different qualities within one bitstream, is especially well suited for P2P distribution. If the layered content is provided once in the best quality, all peers interested in this content can at least exchange the base layer, plus the enhancement layers they are interested in with those peers that have them available.
|