[20] | Yaning Liu, Joost Geurts, Jean-Charles Point, Stefan Lederer, Benjamin Rainer, Christopher Mueller, Christian Timmerer, Hermann Hellwagner, Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over CCN: A Caching and Overhead Analysis, In Proceedings of the IEEE international Conference on Communication (ICC) 2013 – Next-Generation Networking Symposium (Christopher Mattheisen, Tutomu Murase, eds.), IEEE, Budapest, pp. 2222-2226, 2013.
[bib][url] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: In this paper, we present our implementation and evaluation of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over Content centric networking (DASC) which implements MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) utilizing a Content Centric Networking (CCN) naming scheme to identify content segments in a CCN network. In particular, video segments formatted according to MPEG-DASH are available in different quality levels but instead of HTTP, CCN is used for referencing and delivery. Based on the conditions of the network, the DASC client issues interests for segments achieving the best throughput. Due to segment caching within the network, subsequent requests for the same content can be served quicker. As a result, the quality of the video a user receives progressively improves, effectively overcoming bottlenecks in the network. We present two sets of experiments to evaluate the performance of DASC showing that throughput indeed improves. However, the generated overhead is relatively large and the adaptation strategy used for DASH that assumes an end-to-end connection could be revised for the hop-by-hop architecture of CCN.
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[19] | Stefan Lederer, Christopher Mueller, Benjamin Rainer, Christian Timmerer, Hermann Hellwagner, An Experimental Analysis of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP in Content Centric Networks, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) 2013 (Haohong Wang, ed.), IEEE, San Jose, USA, pp. 1-6, 2013.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: This paper presents the usage of CCN, which is a candidate for the next-generation Internet, in combination with the new Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) standard, which was recently ratified by ISO/IEC MPEG. In contrast to the Internet Protocol, which is mainly based on the host-to-host connection paradigm originated in the 1970s, Content Centric Networking (CCN) focuses on the content itself, instead of its location. Considering the dominance of multimedia traffic in todays' Internet, the streaming performance of DASH over CCN as well as the problems introduced by this combination is worth to be investigated in detail. Therefore, we evaluate the protocol overhead introduced by the usage of CCN compared to the HTTP versions 1.0 and 1.1. Furthermore, the performance of DASH over CCN under different network conditions is compared to the performance of HTTP 1.0/1.1. Our results showed that although CCN comes together with higher protocol overhead than HTTP 1.0/1.1 as well as a prototype implementation, it can definitely compete with HTTP 1.0 in media streaming. Based on the evaluation results, problems as well as improvement possibilities are identified, which are the basis for future work in this area.
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[18] | Stefan Lederer, Christopher Mueller, Benjamin Rainer, Christian Timmerer, Hermann Hellwagner, Adaptive Streaming over Content Centric Networks in Mobile Networks using Multiple Links, In In Proceedings of the IEEE ICC'13 - Workshop on Immersive & Interactive Multimedia Communications over the Future Internet (Pedro Assuncao, Luigi Atzori, Tasos Dagiuklas, Ahmet Kondoz, eds.), IEEE, Budapest, pp. 687-691, 2013.
[bib][url] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: This paper presents the usage of Content Centric Networking (CCN) for adaptive multimedia streaming in mobile environments, leveraging the recent ISO/IEC MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) standard. The performance of DASH over CCN is evaluated using real-world mobile bandwidth traces and compared to previous evaluations of different DASH-based as well as proprietary systems. As there are no client-server connections in CCN, it offers the possibility to transfer data from multiple sources as well as over multiple links in parallel, which is definitely an important feature, e.g., for mobile devices offering multiple network links. This functionality is used and evaluated in this paper in combination with DASH, making it possible to dynamically choose the best performing link for media streaming, which is a clear advantage over DASH using HTTP and the TCP/IP protocol stack. The evaluation therefore investigates DASH over CCN in two scenarios using synthetic and real-world mobile bandwidth traces respectively, showing a significantly better performance than conventional DASH using only one connection.
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[17] | Stefan Lederer, Christopher Mueller, Christian Timmerer, Cyril Concolato, Jean Le Feuvre, Karel Fliegel, Distributed DASH Dataset, In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (Carsten Griwodz, ed.), ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. pp. 131-135, 2013.
[bib][url] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: The delivery of multimedia content over HTTP and on top of existing Internet infrastructures is becoming the preferred method within heterogeneous environment. The basic design principle is having an intelligent client which selects given and applicable media representations by issuing HTTP requests for individual segments based on the users' context and current conditions. Typically, this client behavior differs between implementations of the same kind and for the objective evaluations thereof appropriate datasets are needed. This paper presents a distributed dataset for the recently published MPEG-DASH standard which is mirrored at different sites across Europe, namely Klagenfurt, Paris, and Prague. A client implementation may choose to request segments from these sites and dynamically switch to a different location, e.g., in case the one currently used causes any issues. Thus, this distributed DASH dataset can be used for real-world evaluations enabling the simulation of switching between different content delivery networks.
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[16] | Stefan Lederer, Christopher Mueller, Reinhard Grandl, Christian Timmerer, Adaptive Multimedia Streaming over Information-Centric Networks in Mobile Networks using Multiple Mobile Links, In IEEE Multimedia Communications Technical Committee E-Letter, IEEE Communications Society [online], vol. 8, no. 6, New York, NY, USA, pp. 38-41, 2013.
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[15] | Barry Crabtree, Tim Stevens, Brahin Allan, Stefan Lederer, Daniel Posch, Christopher Mueller, Christian Timmerer, Video Adaptation in Limited or Zero Network Coverage, In CCNxConn 2013 (Priya Mahadevan, ed.), PARC, Palo Alto, pp. 1-2, 2013.
[bib][url] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: This paper shows how adaptive streaming and on-device caching can be used to provide an always available video service. A DASH client has been extended to deal with periods of zero network connectivity, and seamlessly works in conjunction with CCN to provide local storage that is intelligently updated to provide an improved quality of experience.
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[14] | Markus Waltl, Christian Timmerer, Benjamin Rainer, Hermann Hellwagner, Sensory Effect Dataset and Test Setups, In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX'12) (Ian Burnett, Henry Wu, eds.), IEEE, Yarra Valley, Australia, pp. 115-120, 2012.
[bib][url] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: Additional constituents for the representation of multimedia content gained more and more attention. For example, the amount of cinemas equipped with additional devices (e.g., ambient light, vibrating seats, wind generators, water sprayers, heater/coolers) that stimulate senses going beyond audition and vision increases. On the content side the MPEG-V standard specifies – among others – Sensory Effect Metadata (SEM) which provides means to describe sensory effects such as wind, vibration, light, etc. to be attached to audio-visual content and, thus, offering an enhanced and immersive experience for the user. However, there is a lack of a common set of test content allowing for various subjective user studies and verification across different test sites. In this paper we provide our dataset comprising a number of videos from different genres enriched with MPEG-V compliant Sensory Effect Metadata descriptions. Furthermore, we describe possible test setups using off-the-shelf hardware for conducting subjective quality assessments.
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[13] | Markus Waltl, Christian Timmerer, Benjamin Rainer, Hermann Hellwagner, Sensory Effects for Ambient Experiences in the World Wide Web, In Multimedia Tools and Applications, Springer Verlag, vol. -, no. -, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 1-20, 2012. (Online First)
[bib][url] [doi] [abstract]
Abstract: More and more content in various formats becomes available via the WorldWideWeb (WWW). Currently availableWeb browsers are able to access and interpret these contents (i.e., Web videos, text, image, and audio). These contents stimulate only senses like audition or vision. Recently, it has been proposed to stimulate also other senses while consuming multimedia content, through so-called sensory effects. These sensory effects aim to enhance the ambient experience by providing effects such as light, wind, vibration, etc. The effects are represented as Sensory Effect Metadata (SEM) description which is associated to multimedia content and is rendered on devices like fans, vibration chairs, or lamps. In this paper we present two subjective quality assessments which comprise sensory effects, such as light, in the area of the WWW and their results achieved. The first assessment evaluates the influence of light effects on the Quality of Experience (QoE). The second assessment measures the impact of different settings for the color calculation on the viewing experience. Furthermore, we describe a Web browser plug-in for Mozilla Firefox which is able to render such sensory effects that are provided via the WWW.
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[12] | Markus Waltl, Benjamin Rainer, Christian Timmerer, Hermann Hellwagner, A Toolset for the Authoring, Simulation, and Rendering of Sensory Experiences, In Proceedings of the 20th ACM Multimedia (MM'12) (Noboru Babaguchi, Kiyoharu Aizawa, John Smith, eds.), ACM, Nara, Japan, pp. 1469-1472, 2012.
[bib][url] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: This paper describes a toolset for the authoring, simulating, and rendering of multimedia content annotated with Sensory Effect Metadata (SEM) descriptions as specified in Part 3 of the MPEG V standard. This part of MPEG-V standardizes the description of sensory effects (e.g., light, wind) in order to be rendered on sensory devices (e.g., fans, vibration chairs) aiming at generating a sensory experience stimulating possibly all human senses. Our implementation comprises a toolset to author sensory effects associated with multimedia content and the simulation thereof. Furthermore, it includes a library, a standalone player, and a Web browser plug-in which enables the playback and rendering of sensory effects on off-the-shelf rendering devices and in various contexts. All software modules are available under the GNU General Public License (GPL) v3 and the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) v3 respectively.
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[11] | Christian Timmerer, Carsten Griwodz, Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP: from content creation to consumption, In Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia (Noboru Babaguchi, Kiyoharu Aizawa, John Smith, eds.), ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 1533-1534, 2012.
[bib][url] [doi] [pdf] [slides] [abstract]
Abstract: In this tutorial we present dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP ranging from content creation to consumption. It particular, it provides an overview of the recently ratified MPEG-DASH standard, how to create content to be delivered using DASH, its consumption, and the evaluation thereof with respect to competing industry solutions. The tutorial can be roughly clustered into three parts. In part I we will provide an introduction to DASH, part II covers content creation, delivery, and consumption, and, finally, part III deals with the evaluation of existing (open source) MPEG-DASH implementations compared to state-of-art deployed industry solutions.
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[10] | Benjamin Rainer, Markus Waltl, Eva Cheng, Muawiyath Shujau, Christian Timmerer, Stephen Davis, Ian Burnett, Hermann Hellwagner, Investigating the Impact of Sensory Effects on the Quality of Experience and Emotional Response in Web Videos, In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX'12) (Ian Burnett, Henry Wu, eds.), IEEE, Yarra Valley, Australia, pp. 278-283, 2012.
[bib][url] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: Multimedia is ubiquitously available online with large amounts of video increasingly consumed through Web sites such as YouTube or Google Video. However, online multimedia typically limits users to visual/auditory stimulus, with onscreen visual media accompanied by audio. The recent introduction of MPEG-V proposed multi-sensory user experiences in multimedia environments, such as enriching video content with so-called sensory effects like wind, vibration, light, etc. In MPEG-V, these sensory effects are represented as Sensory Effect Metadata (SEM), which is additionally associated to the multimedia content. This paper presents three user studies that utilize the sensory effects framework of MPEG-V, investigating the emotional response of users and enhancement of Quality of Experience (QoE) of Web video sequences from a range of genres with and without sensory effects. In particular, the user studies were conducted in Austria and Australia to investigate whether geography and cultural differences affect users’ elicited emotional responses and QoE.
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[9] | Benjamin Rainer, Stefan Lederer, Christopher Mueller, Christian Timmerer, A Seamless Web Integration of Adaptive HTTP streaming, In Proceedings of the 20th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) (Béatrice Pesquet-Popescu, Corneliu Burileanu, eds.), European Signal Processing (EURASIP) Society, Bucharest, Romania, pp. 1519-1523, 2012.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: Nowadays video is an important part of the Web and Web sites like YouTube, Hulu, etc. count millions of users consuming their content every day. However, these Web sites mainly use media players based on proprietary browser plug-ins (i.e., Adobe Flash) and do not leverage adaptive streaming systems. This paper presents a seamless integration of the recent MPEG standard on Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) in the Web using the HTML5 video element. Therefore, we present DASHJS, a JavaScript-based MPEG-DASH client which adopts the Media Source API of Google’s Chrome browser to present a flexible and potentially browser independent DASH client. Furthermore, we present the integration of WebM based media segments in DASH giving a detailed description of the used container format structure and a corresponding Media Presentation Description (MPD). Our preliminary evaluation demonstrates the bandwidth adaption capabilities to show the effectiveness of the system.
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[8] | Christopher Mueller, Daniele Renzi, Stefan Lederer, Stefano Battista, Christian Timmerer, Using Scalable Video Coding for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP in Mobile Environments, In Proceedings of the 20th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO12) (Corneliu Burileanu, Béatrice Pesquet-Popescu, eds.), European Signal Processing (EURASIP) Society, Bucharest, Romania, pp. 2208-2212, 2012.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is a convenient approach to transfer videos in an adaptive and dynamic way to the user. As a consequence, this system provides high bandwidth flexibility and is especially suitable for mobile use cases where the bandwidth variations are tremendous. In this paper we have integrated the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extensions of the Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard into the recently ratified MPEG-DASH standard. Furthermore, we have evaluated our solution under restricted conditions using bandwidth traces from mobile environments and compared it with an improved version of our MPEG-DASH implementation using AVC as well as major industry solutions.
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[7] | Christopher Mueller, Stefan Lederer, Christian Timmerer, An Evaluation of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP in Vehicular Environments, In Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM SIGMM Workshop on Mobile Video (MoVid12) (Mohamed Hefeeda, Cheng-Hsin Hsu, Mainak Chatterjee, Nalini Venkatasubramanian, Samrat Ganguly, eds.), ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 37-42, 2012.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: MPEGs' Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) is an emerging standard designed for media delivery over the top of existing infrastructures and able to handle varying bandwidth conditions during a streaming session. This requirement is very important, specifically within mobile environments and, thus, DASH could potentially become a major driver for mobile multimedia streaming. Hence, this paper provides a detailed evaluation of our implementation of MPEG DASH compared to the most popular propriety systems, i.e., Microsoft Smooth Steaming, Adobe HTTP Dynamic Streaming, and Apple HTTP Live Streaming. In particular, these systems will be evaluated under restricted conditions which are due to vehicular mobility. In anticipation of the results, our prototype implementation of MPEG-DASH can very well compete with state-of-the-art solutions and, thus, can be regarded as a mature standard ready for industry adaption.
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[6] | Christopher Mueller, Stefan Lederer, Christian Timmerer, A Proxy Effect Analysis and Fair Adaptation Algorithm for Multiple Competing Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP Clients, In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing Conference (VCIP 2012) (Kiyoharu Aizawa, Jay Kuo, Zicheng Liu, eds.), IEEE, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 6, 2012.
[bib][url] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: Multimedia streaming technologies based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) are very popular and used by many content providers such as Netflix, Hulu, and Vudu. Recently, ISO/IEC MPEG has ratified Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) which extends the traditional HTTP streaming with an adaptive component addressing the issue of varying bandwidth conditions that users are facing in networks based on the Internet Protocol (IP). Additionally, industry has already deployed several solutions based on such an approach which simplifies large scale deployment because the whole streaming logic is located at the client. However, these features may introduce drawbacks when multiple clients compete for a network bottleneck due to the fact that the clients are not aware of the network infrastructure such as proxies or other clients. This paper identifies these negative effects and the evaluation thereof using MPEG-DASH and Microsoft Smooth Streaming. Furthermore, we propose a novel adaptation algorithm introducing the concept of fairness regarding a cluster of clients. In anticipation of the results we can conclude that we achieve more efficient bottleneck bandwidth utilization and less quality switches.
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[5] | Stefan Lederer, Christopher Mueller, Christian Timmerer, Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP Dataset, In Proceedings of the Third Annual ACM SIGMM Conference on Multimedia Systems (MMSys12) (Mark Claypool, Carsten Griwodz, Ketan Mayer-Patel, eds.), ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 89-94, 2012.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: Adaptive HTTP streaming got lot of attention in recent years and with dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) a standard is available. Many papers cover this topic and present their research results, but unfortunately all of them use their own private dataset which – in most cases – is not publicly available. Hence, it is difficult to compare, e.g., adaptation algorithms in an objective way due to the lack of a common dataset which shall be used as basis for such experiments. In this paper, we present our DASH dataset featuring our DASHEncoder, an open source DASH content generation tool. We also provide basic evaluations of the different segment lengths, the influence of HTTP server settings, and, in this context, we show some of the advantages as well as problems of shorter segment lengths.
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[4] | Dejan Milojicic, Martin Arlitt, Doree Duncan Seligmann, George Thiruvathukal, Christian Timmerer, Innovation Mashups: Academic Rigor Meets Social Networking Buzz, In Computer, IEEE Computer Society, vol. 45, no. 9, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 101-105, 2012.
[bib] [doi] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: Exploring new options for publishing and content delivery offers an enormous opportunity to improve the state of the art and further modernize academic and professional publications.
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[3] | Yaning Liu, Joost Geurts, Benjamin Rainer, Stefan Lederer, Christopher Mueller, Christian Timmerer, DASH over CCN: A CCN use-case for a Social Media based collaborative project, In CCNx Community Meeting (CCNxConn 2012) (Giovanna Carofiglio, ed.), Parc, Sophia Antipolis, pp. 1-1, 2012.
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[2] | Stefan Lederer, Christopher Mueller, Benjamin Rainer, Markus Waltl, Christian Timmerer, An open source MPEG DASH evaluation suite, In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing Conference (VCIP 2012) (Ebroul Izquierdo, Xin Wang, eds.), IEEE, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 1-1, 2012.
[bib][url] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: In this paper we demonstrate our MPEG-DASH evaluation suite, which comprises several components on the client side as well as on the server side. The major client components are the VLC DASH plugin, libDASH, and DASH-JS, a JavaScript-based DASH client. These tools enable performance tests on various platforms, e.g., Windows and Linux as well as mobile platforms such as Android. Moreover, due to their flexible structure it is possible to integrate adaptation logics and evaluate them under consistent conditions. On the server side we provide the content generation tool DASHEncoder, our MPEG-DASH datasets well as the MPEG-DASH conformance validator.
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[1] | Stefan Lederer, Christopher Mueller, Christian Timmerer, Towards Peer-Assisted Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP, In Proceedings of the 19th International Packet Video Workshop (PV 2012) (Christine Guillemot, Jacob Chakareski, Eckehard Steinbach, eds.), IEEE, Munich, Germany, pp. 1-6, 2012.
[bib] [pdf] [abstract]
Abstract: This paper presents our peer-assisted Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (pDASH) proposal as well as an evaluation based on our DASH simulation environment in comparison to conventional approaches, i.e., non-peer-assisted DASH. Our approach maintains the standard conformance to MPEG-DASH enabling an easy and straightforward way of enhancing a streaming system with peer assistance to reduce the bandwidth and infrastructure requirements of the content/service provider. In anticipation of the results our system achieves a bandwidth reduction of Content Distribution Networks (CDN) and as a consequence the corresponding infrastructure costs of the content/service providers by up to 25% by leveraging the upstream capacity of neighboring peers. Furthermore, the cost savings have been evaluated using a cost model that is based on the current Amazon CloudFront pricing scheme. Furthermore, we have also evaluated the performance impact that various combinations of quality levels of the content could have in a peer-assisted streaming system as well as the client behavior in such an environment.
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