% Keywords: Adaptive Video Streaming
% Encoding: utf-8
@Article{Rainer2017a,
  author = {Rainer, Benjamin and Petscharnig, Stefan and Timmerer, Christian and Hellwagner, Hermann},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Multimedia},
  title = {Statistically Indifferent Quality Variation: An Approach for Reducing Multimedia Distribution Cost for Adaptive Video Streaming Services},
  year = {2017},
  month = {mar},
  pages = {13},
  volume = {19},
  abstract = {Forecasts predict that Internet traffic will continue to grow in the near future. A huge share of this traffic is caused by multimedia streaming. The Quality of Experience (QoE) of such streaming services is an important aspect and in most cases the goal is to maximize the bit rate which -- in some cases -- conflicts with the requirements of both consumers and providers. For example, in mobile environments users may prefer a lower bit rate to come along with their data plan. Likewise, providers aim at minimizing bandwidth usage in order to reduce costs by transmitting less data to users while maintaining a high QoE.
Today's adaptive video streaming services try to serve users with the highest bit rates which consequently results in high QoE. In practice, however, some of these high bit rate representations may not differ significantly in terms of perceived video quality compared to lower bit rate representations.
In this paper, we present a novel approach to determine the statistically indifferent quality variation (SIQV) of adjacent video representations for adaptive video streaming services by adopting standard objective quality metrics and existing QoE models. In particular, whenever the quality variation between adjacent representations is imperceptible from a statistical point of view, the representation with higher bit rate can be substituted with a lower bit rate representation. As expected, this approach results in savings with respect to bandwidth consumption while still providing a high QoE for users. The approach is evaluated subjectively with a crowdsourcing study. Additionally, we highlight the benefits of our approach, by providing a case study that extrapolates possible savings for providers.},
  address = {New York, USA},
  doi = {10.1109/TMM.2016.2629761},
  keywords = {Adaptive Video Streaming, Quality of Experience, MPEG-DASH},
  language = {EN},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7745907/}
}
@TechReport{Taschwer2005,
  author = {Taschwer, Mario and Müller, Armin and Böszörmenyi, Laszlo},
  institution = {Institute of Information Technology ({ITEC}), Klagenfurt University},
  title = {Integrating Semantic Search and Adaptive Streaming of Video Segments: the {DAHL} Project},
  year = {2005},
  address = {Klagenfurt, Austria},
  month = {jan},
  number = {TR/ITEC/05/2.04},
  type = {final report},
  abstract = {The DAHL project aimed at demonstrating some of the research achievements at ITEC by extending anexisting web application with content-based search mechanisms and an adaptive streaming environment for video data. The search is based on MPEG-7 descriptions of video data, and video retrieval uses an MPEG-4 conforming adaptive streaming server and player, which allows to adapt the video stream dynamically to client capabilities, user preferences, and available network bandwidth. This report describes the design, implementation, and integration work done in the DAHL project.},
  keywords = {semantic video querying, adaptive video streaming, {MPEG-7} annotation tool},
  language = {EN},
  pages = {34}
}